ABSTRACT
CD10, a transmembrane endopeptidase, has been shown to be lost as an early event in prostate cancer. We aimed at evaluating the pattern of expression of CD10 in various Gleason’s grades of prostatic adenocarcinoma in comparison with nodular hyperplasia of prostate. This retrospective study included 30 cases of nodular hyperplasia and 30 of prostatic adenocarcinoma of various Gleason’s grades. Immunohistochemical staining for CD10 was performed on all cases and positivity evaluated as percentage of cells as well as location (membranous or cytoplasmic or both). Of prostatic adenocarcinomas, grade 3 was seen in 10 foci, grade 4 in 28 and grade 5 in 22 foci. CD10 positivity in carcinoma was lower than in nodular hyperplasia, with the lowest positivity in grade 5. The pattern of expression of CD10 also changed from membranous in grade 3 to cytoplasmic in grade 5. Loss of CD10 expression appears to be associated with increasing tumour grade in carcinoma prostate and this can potentially be useful in stratification of such patients.
ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of dengue infection is easily and best accomplished by demonstration of specific IgM antibodies in blood. We analyzed retrospectively the dengue IgM seropositivity available for samples obtained over a period of 5 years [2006-2010] from patients with suspected dengue fever [DF]-like illness to investigate whether there was an overall increase in the dengue IgM prevalence over this period. Blood samples were collected from patients with DF-like febrile illnesses attending the Pediatric, Medicine, and Fever clinics of a Government hospital, Delhi. A total of 8138 individuals [suspected dengue cases] obtained over 5 years were tested for dengue specific IgM antibodies. Year wise, month wise, and age wise data on geographic distribution and clinical manifestations were analyzed. Of the 8138 samples, 1600 [19.66%] were positive for dengue specific IgM. The year 2006 had the highest number of reported cases, 761 [46.23%]. In our study, the age group most commonly affected of all 5 years was 11-20 years. Out of the total 1600 cases admitted to the hospital between 2006 and 2010, 279 [58.9%] had DF, 178 [37.6%] had dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 16 [3.38%] had dengue shock syndrome. We found a high burden of dengue in young children and late adolescents in both rural and urban communities at a magnitude greater than previously described. We observed an increase in the dengue positive cases every alternate year, thereby indicating a possible role of herd immunity in northern India. We did not find a steady increase in the number of cases over 5 years. We found an increase in the number of positive cases in children and young adolescents